The rationale for the selection of these specific cocoa importers is that the cocoa companies that signed the harkinengel protocol in 2001, discussed below, made a muchpublicized commitment to end their use of child labor with respect to cocoa brought into the u. The protocol was intended to assure consumers that chocolate companies were acting. They committed to eradicate the worst forms of child labour in the cultivation and processing of cocoa beans. The protocol stipulated that by july 2005, the chocolate. Amsterdam university of applied sciences the story of tony. Many of these girls are ages 15 to 16, but some are as young as age 10. The harkinengel protocol was prompted by media exposes in 2001 by knight ridder and others that made public the existence of child slavery on ivory coast cocoa farms, and created an avalanche of negative publicity and consumer demands for answers and solutions. The european union passed a resolution in 2012 to fully implement the harkinengel protocol and fight child labor in cocoa production. Jul, 2005 child labor in west african cocoa production. Representative engel and senator tom harkin dia were witnesses to the protocol signed in 2001. With the support of the gates foundation, it is interested in understanding the. September 19, 2011, marked the 10th anniversary of the signing of the harkinengel protocol, an international agreement signed by the chocolate manufacturers association cma and the world cocoa foundation wfc, which represent many of the largest chocolate brands in the world. Jantzisustainalytics june 2010 power create a draw from cocoa farms in ghana and ivory coast onto the. In 2010, the declaration of joint action to support the.
Harkin engel protocol in 2001, a legislative amendment was introduced through the us congress by two senators, tom harkin and eliot engel, with the intention of eliminating the use of child slavery within the chocolate industry. The harkinengel protocol is a voluntary publicprivate agreement to eliminate the worst forms of child labor defined according to theinternational labor organization ilos convention 182 in the growth and processing of cocoa in cote divoire and ghana. Since the harkinengel protocol was signed, some positive steps have been taken to address the worst forms of child labor in cocoa growing. The declaration, which was witnessed by senator tom harkin, representative eliot engel, and the international labor. Harkinengel protocol and will work with each other and the other major stakeholders to successfully execute projects in the spirit of the declaration and in accordance with the attached framework of action to support implementation of the harkinengel protocol. To the extent congress has enacted laws providing civil claims against those involved in forced. Eca caobisco input on dg trade worst forms of child. In the past, the harkinengel protocol mitigated the risk of government regulation, but did not lead to actual policy changes from hershey. Pdf modern slavery challenges to supply chain management. The cocoa protocol harkinengel protocol slave free. Harkinengel protocol on chocolate and child slavery set. The intersection of corporate social responsibility and. Regulating business involvement in labor exploitation and.
The harkinengel protocol is, therefore, a poignant example of the empty promise of csr. Harkinengel protocol, a voluntary agreement under which cocoa companies work to combat child labor abuses er 156. In september 2001, chocolate and cocoa industry representatives signed an agreement, developed in partnership with. An investigation into nestles efforts to establish. Pdf the case deals with the issue of child labor in the international cocoa. The harkinengel protocol is an international agreement signed in 2001 that brought together the cocoa industry, west african governments, organized labor, ngos nongovernmental organizations and experts to address the problem of child labor and trafficking in the production of cocoa. Tom harkin dia became involved and essentially the admendment was watered down to create the protocol for the growing and processing of cocoa beans and their derivative. Pdf regulating business involvement in labor exploitation. Child labor in cocoa production is not just a symptom of poverty but also a contributing factor, as children often forgo a.
In 2001 congressman eliot engel dny introduced legislative admendment to fund the development of a no child slavery label for chocolate products sold in the u. Since the signing of the harkinengel protocol in, particular attention has been paid towards the elimination of the worst forms of child labor in the cocoa. It was a partnership with united states senator harkin and representative engel that was signed in 2001. The protocol was established in 2001 by senator tom harkin and congressman eliot engel to address the use of child labor in the cocoa sector.
In september 2001, global chocolate and cocoa industry representatives, in partnership with united states senator tom harkin and representative eliot engel, signed the harkin engel protocol, or cocoa protocol to work towards the. Joint action to support implementation of the harkinengel protocol declaration, committing the signatories to join together in the fight against child labor in the production of cocoa. Dec 25, 2018 the overarching goal of the accompanying framework of action to support implementation of the harkinengel protocol was to, by 2020, a reduce the worst forms of child labor in the cocoa sectors of cote divoire and ghana by 70%, b provide remediation services for affected children, c establish a sector. In the protocol big chocolate manufacturers promised to eliminate the worst forms of child labor in the cocoa sector. In june 2008, the protocol was extended until the end of 2010. Tonys chocolonely was founded in an effort to attract attention to slavery in chocololate. The harkinengel protocol sought to develop and implement a public certification program to eliminate the worst forms of child labor in the growing of cocoa beans and their derivative products by july 1, 2005, but to date, nestle and the other signatories have not yet. Despite this official commitment, nothing much had happened. Posts about harkinengel protocol written by hes2019, 2018x615, 2017e795.
It is clear that the original intent, from the perspective of the two lawmakers who were its signatories, was to withdraw proposed legislation in exchange for a voluntary commitment from. Those companies, nestle, mars, hershey, barry callebaut, worlds finest. Framework of action to support implementation of the harkinengel protocol. Harkin engel protocol protocol for the growing and processing of cocoa beans and their derivative products in a manner that complies with ilo convention 182 concerning the prohibition and immediate action for the elimination of the worst forms of child labor media flurry of 2000 amendment bill passed in house to develop a. The harkinengel protocol is commonly known as the cocoa protocol. Congress passed the harkin engel protocol to introduce a no child slavery label for chocolate marketed in the united states. Kvw if you think youre too small to have an impact, try going to bed with a mosquito in the room annita roddick.
Harkinengel protocol in 2001, a legislative amendment was introduced through the us congress by two senators, tom harkin and eliot engel, with the intention of eliminating the use of child slavery within the chocolate industry. Ten years later, in march 2011, the university of tulane mandated by the american government published a report to assess and document these commitments. Now, rtb might be concerned that the bliss campaign was used to stop the super bowl ad, but will not resolve the child slavery issue. Concerns about the use of child labor in west african cocoa production became widespread in the early 2000s in many highincome countries. As a result, the problem of child labor continues nine years after the industry committed to end these abuses. The political branches elected this voluntary agreement and framework to address the problem of forced child labor on overseas cocoa farms, rather than a mandatory certification process. Child labor estimating the economic incentives necessary for eliminating child. Harkin engel protocol framework, which spelled out key actions needed to achieve the goals of the harkin engel protocol, including the formation of the child labor cocoa coordinating group clccg. The harkinengel protocol is a voluntary publicprivate agreement to eliminate the worst forms of child labor defined according to the international labour organization ilos convention 182 in the growth and processing of cocoa in cote divoire and ghana. In september 2011, eight companies in the chocolate and cocoa industry including adm, barry callebaut, cargill, ferrero, the hershey company, kraft foods. Eight of the major american confectioner companies all signed the. Tom harkin dia became involved and essentially the amendment was watered down to create the protocol for the growing and processing of cocoa beans and their derivative products in a. Harkinengel protocol framework, which spelled out key actions needed to achieve the goals of the harkinengel protocol, including the formation of the child labor cocoa coordinating group clccg.
At that time, the industry was required to have full certifications with independent verifications. The agreement, known as the harkin engel protocol prescribes a comprehensive, sixpoint problemsolving approach along with a timebound process for credibly eliminating the use of abusive child labour in cocoa growing. Signatories to the declaration committed to the goal of reducing the wfcl in cocoa growing areas of. Harkinengel protocol on chocolate and child slavery set to. Soon after the harkinengel protocols formation, the deadline for. The cocoa protocol harkinengel protocol slave free chocolate.
Cocoa protocol in september 2001 that set out timebound steps to eliminate. The harkin engel protocol stipulated the formation o f the international cocoa initiative ici founded in 2002 as a clearing house on best practice responsible cocoa, 2010 and a d river for. September 19, 2011, marked the 10th anniversary of the signing of the harkin engel protocol, an international agreement signed by the chocolate manufacturers association cma and the world cocoa foundation wfc, which represent many of the largest chocolate brands in the world. The harkinengel protocol is an international agreement aimed at ending the worst forms of child labor and forced labor in the production of cocoa, chocolates. This report is a followup on recent developments in the harkinengel protocol process since the publication of ilrfs last cocoa industry report titled the cocoa protocol. It marked an important first an entire industry including companies from the united states, europe and the united kingdom, taking responsibility for addressing the worst forms of child labour in its supply chain. In 2001 congressman eliot engel dny introduced legislative amendment to fund the development of a no child slavery label for chocolate products sold in the u. Harkinengel protocol protocol for the growing and processing of cocoa beans and their derivative products in a manner that complies with ilo convention 182 concerning the prohibition and immediate action for the elimination of the worst forms of child labor media flurry of 2000 amendment bill passed in house to develop a. Child labor in cocoa fields harkinengel protocol ilo. In particular, boys are trafficked to cote divoire.
The journalists ha ve a breakthrough when they record a telephone conversation with a spokesperson from market leading company nestle, who admits that child slavery in the cocoa industry exists. The harkin engel protocol is an international agreement signed in 2001 that brought together the cocoa industry, west african governments, organized labor, ngos nongovernmental organizations and experts to address the problem of child labor and trafficking in the production of cocoa. Framework of action to support implementation of the harkinengel. As a leader in the industry we have done a lot to raise awareness of the injustices. Initiative and the harkin engel protocol, have stimulated the growth and adoption of a number of sustainabilityoriented supply chain and certification initiatives. The world cocoa foundation, the chocolate manufacturers association, and its members committed to address the worst forms of child labor in the growing and processing of cocoa beans and derivative. Every year, the department releases its findings on the worst forms of child labor and provides a list of. Now, rtb might be concerned that the bliss campaign was used to stop the super bowl. Cote divoire commercial sexual exploitation after being promised work in bars and restaurants. Within this context, ra has been expanding its own certification base in the country. Ethical consumption essay sociology bibliographies cite.
Ghana and cote divoire are the worlds two largest cocoa producers, with their combined production contributing 60 percent of the worlds annual supply of cocoa. The industry breaks this promise repeatedly in a series of. The protocol is an international agreement which is aimed to end of the worst forms of child labour and forced labour in the production of cocoa beans from west africa. San francisco, ca july 1, 2005 will mark the expiration of the harkinengel protocol, a voluntary protocol agreed to by the chocolate industry. International cocoa initiative created as a result of the harkinengel protocol, the ici is the leading organisation for promoting responsible labour practices on cocoa farms. Congress passed the harkinengel protocol to introduce a no child slavery label for chocolate marketed in the united states. Estimating the economic incentives necessary for eliminating. Estimating the economic incentives necessary for eliminating child labor in ghanaian cocoa production.
Harkinengel protocol on chocolate and child slavery expires on july 1. During the meeting, tim mccoy, the president of the world. The harkinengel protocol, sometimes referred to as the cocoa protocol, is an international agreement aimed at ending the worst forms of child labor according to the international labour organizations convention 182 and forced labor according to ilo convention 29 in the production of cocoa, the main ingredient in chocolate. Harkinengel cocoa protocol, world vision australia, april 2011. Ethical consumption essay sociology bibliographies. Proposing the protocol in place of legislation was a sure way for the industry to maintain positive public relations while protecting its economic interests off, 2008. Amsterdam university of applied sciences the story of tonys. When the harkinengel protocol was signed in 2001, the cocoa industry.
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